English
Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Prophet (ﷺ) said: The killer does not inherit. [Narrated by Tirmidhi, Ibn Majah] Abu Hanifah narrated from Ibrahim that he said: A killer does not inherit from the one they killed, whether by mistake or intentionally, but the closest person to them after them inherits. Muhammad ibn Al-Hasan narrated the same in Al-Athar from him. Al-Bayhaqi and Abu Dawud narrated something similar from Sa’id ibn Al-Musayyib in mursal form. An-Nasa’i, Ibn Majah, and Ad-Daraqutni narrated it from Amr ibn Shu’ayb.
Possible references (unverified, pending editorial review)
- Candidate: Jami al-Tirmidhi 2109 (unverified) 97% confidence
- Candidate: Sunan Ibn Majah 2735 (unverified) 95% confidence
Confidence and text similarity are not editorial verification.
Commentary and footnotes (4)
Note 1
(1) The statement: The killer does not inherit—Know that according to us, the killing that prevents inheritance is that which incurs retribution or expiation. Killing that incurs neither, such as killing for a cause or in retribution, does not cause deprivation, as deprivation of inheritance is a penalty, tied to what incurs a penalty, which is retribution or expiation. Shafi’i (may Allah have mercy on him) ties it to killing in general, so according to him, one does not inherit if they killed in retribution, by stoning, or if the relative was a judge who ruled for it, a witness who testified for it, an aggressor who was killed, or one who drew a sword against them and was killed in defense—all prevent inheritance according to him. This is meaningless, as the Lawgiver obligated or permitted killing in these cases, so how can a penalty be imposed for it afterward? Thus, other penalties for killing do not apply to such cases, and so too deprivation. As stated in Uqud Al-Jawahir Al-Munifah. I say: The following narrations support us.
Note 2
(2) The statement: Muhammad ibn Al-Hasan narrated in Al-Athar—He said: We adopt this. A killer does not inherit from the one they killed, whether by mistake or intentionally, neither from the blood money nor otherwise. As stated in Uqud Al-Jawahir Al-Munifah.
Note 1
(۱) قوله: القاتل لا يرث: اعلم أن عندنا القتل الذي يمنع الإرث هو الذي يتعلق به وجوب القصاص أو الكفارة، وما لا يتعلق به واحد منهما كالقتل بسبب أو بقصاص لا يوجب الحرمان؛ لأن حرمان الإرث عقوبة، فيتعلق به ما تتعلق به العقوبة، وهو القصاص أو الكفارة، والشافعي الله يعلقه بمطلق القتل حتى لا يرث عنده إذا قتله بقصاص أو رجم أو كان القريب قاضيًا فحكم بذلك، أو شاهدا فشهد به، أو باغيا فقتله، أو شهر عليه سيفا فقتله دفعا، كل ذلك يمنع الإرث عنده، وهذا لا معنى له؛ لأن الشارع أوجب عليه قتله، أو أجاز له قتله في هذه الصور، فكيف يوجب عليه العقوبة به بعد ذلك؟ ولهذا لا يتعلق بهذا القتل سائر عقوبات القتل فكذا الحرمان. كذا في عقود الجواهر المنيفة». قلت: ويؤيدنا الآثار الآتية بعد.
Note 2
(۲) قوله: رواه محمد بن الحسن في الآثار عنه وقال: وبه نأخذ، لا يرث قاتل ممن قتل خطأ أو عمدا، لا من الدية ولا غيرها. قاله في عقود الجواهر المنيفة».