English
Abdullah ibn Amr and Abu Huraira (may Allah be pleased with them) narrated: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: If a judge rules and strives to reach the truth and is correct, he will have two rewards. If he rules and strives but errs, he will have one reward.
Possible references (unverified, pending editorial review)
- Candidate: Sahih al-Bukhari 7352 (unverified) 99% confidence
- Candidate: Sahih Muslim 1716a (unverified) 99% confidence
Confidence and text similarity are not editorial verification.
Commentary and footnotes (2)
Note 1
(1) Regarding the saying: If a judge rules and strives but errs, he will have one reward: Al-Nawawi said: There is disagreement on whether every mujtahid is correct, or is the correct one the one who aligns with Allah’s ruling, while the other is mistaken? The principle according to al-Shafi‘i and his companions is the latter, as he is called mistaken, and if he were correct, he would not be called mistaken. This applies to one who errs in the text or strives in a matter where striving is not permissible. Those who hold the first view say: He is given a reward for being mistaken, and if he were not correct, he would not have a reward. This applies if he is qualified for striving. As for one not qualified to rule, it is not permissible for him to rule, and his ruling is not enforced, whether it aligns with the truth or not, as his correctness is coincidental, so he is sinful in all his rulings. Abu Hanifa’s view is that in matters not clarified in the texts of the Quran, Sunnah, or consensus, analogy is the only option, like one seeking the qibla; he is correct even if he errs. As stated in al-Marqah.
Note 1
(١)قوله: وإذا حكم الحاكم فاجتهد وأخطأ فله أجر واحد: قال النووي: اختلفوا في أن كل مجتهد مصيب أم المصيبواحد؟ وهو من وافق الحكم الذي عند الله والآخر مخطئ، والأصل عند الشافعي وأصحابه الثاني؛ لأنه سمي مخطئا،ولو كان مصيبا لم يسم مخطئا، وهو محمول على من أخطأ النص أو اجتهد فيما لا يسوغ فيه الاجتهاد. ومن ذهب إلىالأول قال: قد جعل للمخطئ أجر، ولولا إصابته لم يكن له أجر. وهذا إذا كنا أهلا للاجتهاد. وأما من ليس بأهلحكم، فلا يحل له الحكم، ولا ينفذ سواء وافق الحكم أم لا؛ لأن إصابته اتفاقية فهو عاص في جميع أحكامه اهـ.ومذهب أبي حنيفة فيما لا يوجد بيانه في النصوص من الكتاب والسنة والإجماع، فلا إمكان له إلا القياس، فيكونكمتحرّي القبلة؛ فإنه مصيب وإن أخطأ. كذا في (المرقاة).