English
Yazid ibn Hurmuz narrated: Najdah al-Haruri wrote to Ibn Abbas asking about slaves and women who attend the spoils—do they receive a share? Ibn Abbas told Yazid: Write to him: “They do not receive a share unless they are given a discretionary portion (radkh).” 1 In another narration: Ibn Abbas wrote: “You asked whether the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) took women to battle and gave them a share. He did take them to battle; they treated the wounded and were given a discretionary portion from the spoils, but not a fixed share.”
Possible references (unverified, pending editorial review)
- Candidate: Sahih Muslim 1812a (unverified) 90% confidence
- Candidate: Sahih Muslim 1812b (unverified) 85% confidence
Confidence and text similarity are not editorial verification.
Commentary and footnotes (2)
Note 1
(1) The statement: “They do not receive a share unless they are given a discretionary portion”: Ibn al-Humam said: No share is given to a slave, woman, child, or dhimmi, but they may receive a discretionary portion (radkh), which is less than a share, as determined by the leader. This applies whether the slave fights with or without his master’s permission. Per Hanafis, radkh is taken from the spoils before the fifth, as per Shafi‘i and Ahmad. In another view, narrated from Ahmad, it is from four-fifths. Shafi‘i, in one view, says from one-fifth of the fifth. Malik says from the fifth. A slave receives radkh only if he fights, as do a child or dhimmi, as they are capable of fighting if the child is able. For women, they receive it for fighting or serving the army, even without fighting, as they are incapable of it, so service substitutes. As stated in (Al-Mirqat).
Note 1
(١)قوله: ليس لهما سهم إلا أن يحذيا: قال ابن الهمام: ولا يسهم لمملوك ولا امرأة ولا صبي ولا ذمي، ولكن يرضخلهم، فالرضخ لا يبلغ السهم، ولكن دونه على حسب ما يراه الإمام، وسواء قاتل العبد بإذن سيده أو بغير إذنه، ثمالرضخ عندنا من الغنيمة قبل إخراج الخمس، وهو قول الشافعي وأحمد، وفي قول وهو رواية عن أحمد: من أربعةالأخماس، وفي قول للشافعي: من خمس الخمس. وقال مالك من الخمس: ثم إن العبد إنما يرضخ له إذا قاتل، وكذاالصبي والذمي؛ لأنهم يقدرون على القتال إذا فرض الصبي قادرًا عليه، فلا يقام غير القتال في حقهم مقامه، بخلافالمرأة؛ فإنها تعطى بالقتال وبالخدمة لأهل العسكر وإن لم تقاتل؛ لأنها عاجزه عنه، فأقام هذه المنفعة منها مقامه.كذا في (المرقاة).