Abu Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Whoever possesses gold or silver and does not pay its due, on the Day of Resurrection, plates of fire will be prepared for him, heated in the fire of Hell, and his side, forehead, and back will be branded with them. Every time they cool, they will be reheated for him in a day whose length is fifty thousand years, until judgment is passed among the servants, and he will see his path, either to Paradise or to the Fire." It was said: "O Messenger of Allah, what about camels?" He said: "Whoever possesses camels and does not pay their due—and among their dues is milking them
1 on the day they come to drink—on the Day of Resurrection, a soft, level ground will be prepared for them, as full as they ever were, not missing a single young one. They will trample him with their hooves and bite him with their mouths. Every time the last of them passes, the first will return to him in a day whose length is fifty thousand years, until judgment is passed among the servants, and he will see his path, either to Paradise or to the Fire." It was said: "O Messenger of Allah, what about cattle and sheep?" He said: "Whoever possesses cattle or sheep and does not pay their due, on the Day of Resurrection, a soft, level ground will be prepared for them, not missing anything, without a hornless, toothless, or lame one. They will gore him with their horns and trample him with their hooves. Every time the last of them passes, the first will return to him in a day whose length is fifty thousand years, until judgment is passed among the servants, and he will see his path, either to Paradise or to the Fire." It was said: "O Messenger of Allah, what about horses?" He said: "Horses are of three types: for one man they are a burden, for another they are a shield, and for another they are a reward. As for the one for whom they are a burden, he is the one who ties them out of pride and show and to harm the Muslims; they are a burden for him. As for the one for whom they are a shield, he is the one who ties them in the way of Allah and does not forget the right of Allah regarding their backs and necks;
2 they are a shield for him. As for the one for whom they are a reward, he is the one who ties them in the way of Allah for the Muslims in a meadow or pasture. Whatever they eat from that meadow or pasture will be recorded as good deeds for him, and their dung and urine will be recorded as good deeds for him. If they break their tethers and run a mile or two, Allah will record for him the number of their steps and their dung as good deeds. If their owner leads them past a river and they drink from it, even though he did not intend to water them, Allah will record for him the amount they drank as good deeds." It was said: "O Messenger of Allah, what about donkeys?" He said: "Nothing has been revealed to me regarding donkeys except this comprehensive, unique verse: So whoever does an atom's weight of good will see it, and whoever does an atom's weight of evil will see it."
Commentary and footnotes (5)
Chapter-heading commentary
(1) The statement: "And do not aim at what is bad to spend from it…" In Al-Tafsirat al-Ahmadiyyah, it is mentioned that the jurists have also stated that the Zakat collector should only take what is moderate, neither the worst nor the best of the wealth. This verse is evidence for that, even if it is not explicitly stated.
Note 2
(2) The statement: "From their wealthy." It indicates that the pronoun refers to those who are obligated, and a child is not included among them, nor is a insane person. This is mentioned in Al-Mirqat and Umdat al-Qari. The Shafi'i scholars state that Zakat is not obligatory on them, but it is obligatory on their wealth. The Hanbali scholars, however, hold that it is obligatory on them, citing the hadith of Amr ibn Shu'ayb from his father from his grandfather that the Prophet (ﷺ) said: "Whoever is in charge of an orphan who has wealth should trade with it and not leave it until it is consumed by charity." [Narrated by Tirmidhi] We respond that the condition for Zakat is sanity and maturity, so it is not obligatory on the wealth of a child or an insane person. Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) narrated that the Prophet (ﷺ) said: "The pen is lifted from three: a sleeper until he wakes, a child until he reaches puberty, and an insane person until he regains sanity." The hadith of Tirmidhi is weak because its chain includes Al-Muthanna ibn Al-Sabah, whom Ahmad said is not worth anything, and Al-Nasa'i said he is abandoned in hadith. Yahya said he is nothing. Tirmidhi, after narrating it, said: "There is discussion about its chain because Al-Muthanna ibn Al-Sabah is weak in hadith, and all its routes are weak." Shams al-A'imma and others from the companions responded to their hadiths, even though they are not established, that the intended charity is maintenance, supported by the fact that he attributed consumption to all the wealth, and maintenance consumes all the wealth. Charity is maintenance due to his saying: "A person's spending on his family is charity." Tirmidhi said: "The scholars differed in this matter. Ahmad and Ishaq held one opinion, while a group of scholars said there is no Zakat on the wealth of an orphan. This was the opinion of Sufyan al-Thawri, Abdullah ibn al-Mubarak, Abu Hanifa and his companions, Abu Wa'il, Sa'id ibn Jubayr, Al-Nakha'i, Al-Sha'bi, Al-Hasan al-Basri, and it was narrated as the consensus of the companions. Sa'id ibn al-Musayyib said: 'Zakat is only obligatory on those who are obligated to pray and fast.' Humaid ibn Zanjuwayh narrated from Al-Nasa'i that more than one companion of the Prophet (ﷺ) held that there is Zakat on the wealth of an orphan, including Umar, Ali, Aisha, and Ibn Umar. This is the opinion of Malik and Al-Shafi'i, following the view of Ibn Abbas. In Al-Mabsut, it is also the opinion of Ali, and it was narrated from Ja'far ibn Muhammad from his father similarly. Shuraih also held this opinion, as mentioned by Al-Nasa'i. This is the summary of what is in Al-Binayah and Umdat al-Qari.
Chapter-heading commentary
(۱) قوله: ولا تيمموا إلخ وقال في التفسيرات الأحمدية: وقد ذكر الفقهاء أيضًا أن لا يأخذ المصدق إلا الوسط، ولا يأخذ رذالة المال ولا خياره. ففي الآية دليل عليه أيضًا وإن لم يصرحوا به.
Note 2
(٢) قوله: من أغنياءهم وفيه أن الضمير راجع إلى المكلفين، والطفل غير داخل فيهم وكذا المجنون. كذا في «المرقاة» و«عمدة القاري». وعبارة الشافعية لا تجب الزكاة عليهما، بل تجب في مالهما. وعند الحنابلة الوجوب عليهما، احتجوا بحديث عمرو بن شعيب عن أبيه عن جده أن النبي ﷺ خطب، فقال: ألا من ولي يتيما له مال فليتجر في ماله، ولا يتركه حتى تأكله الصدقة، رواه الترمذي. قلنا: الشرط في وجوب الزكاة العقل والبلوغ، فلا تجب في مال الصبي والمجنون الحديث عائشة لها عن النبي ﷺ أنه قال: رفع القلم عن ثلاثة: عن النائم حتى يستيقظ، وعن الصبي حتى يحتلم، وعن المجنون حتى يفيق. وحديث الترمذي ضعيف؛ لأن في إسناده المثنى بن الصباح، فقال أحمد: لا يساوي شيئًا، وقال النسائي: متروك الحديث. وقال يحيى: ليس بشيء. وقال الترمذي بعد أن رواه: وفي إسناده مقال؛ لأن المثنى بن الصباح يُضعف في الحديث، وله طرق كلها ضعيفة. وأجاب شمس الأئمة وغيره من الأصحاب عن أحاديثهم مع أنها غير ثابتة: أن المراد من الصدقة النفقة، ويؤيده أنه أضاف الأكل إلى جميع المال والنفقة التي هي تأكل جميع المال، والصدقة هي النفقة؛ لقوله : نفقة المرء على عياله صدقة. وقال الترمذي، وقد اختلف أهل العلم في هذا الباب، فرأى وأحمد وإسحاق، وقالت طائفة من أهل العلم: ليس في مال اليتيم زكاة، وبه قال سفيان الثوري وعبد الله بن المبارك. قلت: و به قال أبو حنيفة وأصحابه، وهو قول أبي وائل وسعيد بن جبير والنخعي والشعبي والحسن البصري، وحكي عنه إجماع الصحابة. وقال سعيد ابن المسيب: لا تجب الزكاة إلا على من تجب الصلاة والصيام، وذكر حميد بن زنجويه النسائي أنه غير واحد من أصحاب النبي في مال اليتيم زكاة، منهم عمر وعلي وعائشة وابن عمر. وبه يقول مالك والشافعي مذهب ابن عباس. وفي المبسوط» وهو قول علي أيضًا، وعن جعفر بن محمد عن أبيه مثله، وبه قال شريح، ذكره النسائي. هذا حاصل ما في البناية» و«عمدة القاري».
Note 1
ف: اس حدیث شریف میں ارشاد ہے کہ زکات مالداروں سے لی جائے گی۔ مرقات اور عمدۃ القاری میں لکھا ہے کہ حدیث شریف کے لفظ ”اَغْنِيَائِهِمْ“ سے مراد مکلفین ہیں اور مکلفین سے ایسے صاحب نصاب مراد ہیں جو عاقل و بالغ ہوں۔ اس لئے زکات عاقل پر فرض ہوگی مجنون پر فرض نہ ہوگی اور ایسے ہی زکات بالغ پر فرض ہوگی، نابالغ پر فرض نہ ہوگی۔ اس کی تائید ام المؤمنین حضرت عائشہ رضی اللہ عنہا کی اس حدیث سے ہوتی ہے کہ حضور صلی اللہ علیہ وآلہ وسلم ارشاد فرمائے ہیں کہ تین شخص مرفوع القلم ہیں یعنی ان کے اعمال لکھے نہیں جاتے اور نہ ان کا مؤاخذہ ہوتا ہے۔ ایک سونے والا کہ جب تک کہ وہ نہ جاگے۔ دوسرا بچہ جب تک کہ وہ بالغ نہ ہو۔ تیسرا مجنون جب تک کہ اس کا جنون ختم نہ ہو جائے۔ اس حدیث شریف سے بچے اور مجنون کا غیر مکلف ہونا ثابت ہوتا ہے۔ اس بناء پر سفیان ثوری، عبدالرحمن بن مبارک، ابو وائل، سعید بن جبیر، نخعی، شعبی، حسن بصری۔ رحمہم اللہ۔ اس بات کے قائل ہیں کہ یتیم کے مال پر زکات واجب نہیں اور حضرت حسن بصری رحمۃ اللہ علیہ سے منقول ہے کہ یتیم کے مال پر زکات واجب نہ ہونے کے بارے میں صحابہ کرام رضی اللہ عنہم۔ کا اجماع ہے اور امام ابو حنیفہ رحمہ اللہ اور آپ کے شاگردوں کا بھی یہی مذہب ہے۔ اور سعید بن المسیب نے فرمایا ہے کہ جس شخص پر نماز اور روزہ فرض ہے، زکات بھی اسی شخص پر فرض ہوگی، اس سے معلوم ہوا کہ چونکہ نابالغ اور مجنون پر نماز اور روزہ فرض نہیں ہے، اسی لئے ان پر زکات بھی فرض نہ ہوگی اور حمید بن زنجویہ نے بیان کیا ہے کہ ابن عباس رضی اللہ عنہما کا بھی یہی مذہب ہے کہ مجنون اور نابالغ پر زکات فرض نہیں ہے، اور مبسوط میں لکھا ہے کہ حضرت علی رضی اللہ عنہ کا بھی یہی قول ہے کہ مجنون اور بچے پر زکات فرض نہیں ہے اور امام جعفر صادق رحمہ اللہ نے اپنے والد امام محمد باقر رحمہ اللہ سے یہی روایت کی ہے اور قاضی شریح بھی اسی کے قائل ہیں کہ نابالغ اور مجنون پر زکات فرض نہیں ہے جیسا کہ نسائی نے روایت کی ہے، یہ پورا مضمون بنایہ اور عمدۃ القاری سے ماخوذ ہے۔12