From Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her), who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "Whoever introduces something into this matter of ours that is not part of it, it will be rejected."
And the words of Allah, the Almighty: {And hold firmly to the rope of Allah all together} (Aal Imran: 103), and His words: {Indeed, you have in the Messenger of Allah an excellent example} (Al-Ahzab: 21), and His words: {Say, "If you love Allah, then follow me, and Allah will love you and forgive you your sins, and Allah is Forgiving and Merciful"} (Aal Imran: 31), and His words: {And whatever the Messenger has given you — take it, and what he has forbidden you — refrain from it} (Al-Hashr: 7), and His words: {And whoever obeys Allah and the Messenger, those are with the ones upon whom Allah has bestowed favor, of the prophets, the steadfast affirmers of truth, the martyrs, and the righteous} (An-Nisa: 69), and His words: {Whoever obeys the Messenger has obeyed Allah} (An-Nisa: 80).
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From Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "As for what follows: The best of speech is the Book of Allah, and the best of guidance is the guidance of Muhammad, and the worst of matters are those that are newly introduced, and every innovation is misguidance."
From Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with both of them), who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "The most disliked of people to Allah are three: a heretic in the sanctuary, one who seeks in Islam the practices of the time of ignorance, and one who demands the blood of a Muslim without a right, to shed his blood."
From Abu Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "Every member of my Ummah will enter Paradise, except for those who refuse." It was said: "Who would refuse?" He said: "Whoever obeys me will enter Paradise, and whoever disobeys me has refused."
From Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: The angels came to the Prophet (peace be upon him) while he was asleep, and they said: "Your companion has an example, so strike an example for him." Some of them said: "He is asleep." Some of them said: "His eyes are asleep, but his heart is awake." They said: "His example is like a man who built a house, placed a banquet in it, and sent an inviter. Whoever answered the call entered the house and ate from the banquet, and whoever did not answer the call did not enter the house and did not eat from the banquet." They said: "Interpret this for him so that he may understand it." Some of them said: "He is asleep." Some of them said: "His eyes are asleep, but his heart is awake." They said: "The house is Paradise, and the inviter is Muhammad (peace be upon him). Whoever obeys Muhammad (peace be upon him) has obeyed Allah, and whoever disobeys Muhammad (peace be upon him) has disobeyed Allah. Muhammad (peace be upon him) is the distinction between the people."
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Commentary and footnotes (1)
Note 1
ف: حضور محمد صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم فرق کرنے والے ہیں کہ فرق کردیا کافر اور مومن میں، حق
اور باطل میں، صالح اور ⟦?⟧ میں، کھانے سے مراد بہشت کی نعمتیں ہیں اور شخص سے مراد اللہ تعالیٰ ہیں،
یہ دونوں باتیں بالکل ظاہر تھیں اس لئے فرشتوں نے ان کی وضاحت نہیں کی۔12
From Anas (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: Three men came to the wives of the Prophet (peace be upon him) asking about the worship of the Prophet. When they were informed about it, it seemed to them that it was too little. They said: "Where are we in comparison to the Prophet (peace be upon him), for Allah has forgiven him for his past and future sins?" One of them said: "As for me, I will pray all night forever." The second one said: "I will fast during the day forever and will not break my fast." The third one said: "I will abstain from women and will never marry."
Then the Prophet (peace be upon him) came to them and said: "Are you the ones who said such and such? By Allah, I am the most fearful of Allah and the most pious of you. But I fast and break my fast, I pray and sleep, and I marry women. So whoever turns away from my Sunnah is not from me."
From Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her), who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) did something and made it permissible, but some people refrained from it. When this reached the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), he delivered a sermon, praised Allah, and then said: "What is the matter with certain people who refrain from something that I do? By Allah, I know them best in relation to Allah and am the most fearful of Him."
From Rafi' ibn Khadij (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) came to Madinah and saw them grafting the date palms. He asked, "What are you doing?" They replied, "We are grafting them." He said, "Perhaps if you didn't do that, it would be better." They left it, and the yield decreased. They mentioned this to him, and he said: "I am only a human being. If I command you to do something concerning your religion, then follow it, but if I command you to do something based on my own opinion, I am just a human being."
From Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "The example of me and what I have been sent with is like that of a man who came to a people and said: 'O my people, I have seen the army with my own eyes, and I am the clear warner. So flee, flee.' Some of his people obeyed him and left, traveling at their own pace, and they were saved. Some of them denied him, and they stayed in their place. The army came upon them in the morning and destroyed them. That is the example of the one who obeys me and follows what I have brought, and the example of the one who disobeys me and denies the truth that I have brought."
From Abu Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "My example is like that of a man who lit a fire, and when it illuminated everything around it, the moths and insects began falling into the fire. He tried to prevent them, but they overwhelmed him and continued to fall into it. I am holding onto your waist to pull you away from the fire, but you are slipping away and falling into it." [Narrated by Bukhari, and a similar narration is Narrated by Muslim, who adds at the end: "This is my example and your example. I am holding onto your waist to pull you away from the fire, saying: 'Come away from the fire, come away from the fire,' but you are overpowering me and falling into it."
From Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "The example of what Allah has sent me with, of guidance and knowledge, is like a heavy rain that fell upon the earth. Some of the land was good, accepting the water, which then grew lush plants and abundant grass. Some land was hard, retaining the water, and people benefitted from it by drinking, irrigating, and planting. And some land was barren, unable to retain the water or grow plants. This is the example of the one who understands the religion of Allah and benefits from what I have been sent with, who learns and teaches others. And the example of the one who turns away and does not accept the guidance of Allah that I have been sent with."
From Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her), who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) recited: {He is the One who sent down to you the Book, containing verses that are clear and others that are ambiguous...} (Al Imran 3:7), and then he recited: {None will take heed except those with understanding.} The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) then said: "When you see those who follow the ambiguous verses, they are the ones whom Allah has mentioned. Be cautious of them." This is agreed upon by Bukhari and Muslim.
From Abdullah ibn Amr (may Allah be pleased with them), who said: One day, I went to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), and I heard the voices of two men disputing over a verse. The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) came out to us, and his face showed signs of anger. He said: "The people before you were destroyed because of their disputes over the Book." [Narrated by Muslim.
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Commentary and footnotes (1)
Note 1
ف: یہاں اختلاف سے مراد گمراہ فرقوں کا اختلاف ہے، ائمہ مجتہدین کا اختلاف مراد نہیں، ایسا
اختلاف تو صحابہ کرام رضوان اللہ تعالیٰ علیہم اجمعین سے بھی منقول ہے جو باعث رحمت ہے۔
From Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "The greatest sinner among the Muslims is the one who asks about something that is not forbidden for the people, and then it is made forbidden because of his question." [Narrated by Muslim, and Bukhari has a similar narration.
From Abu Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "In the latter days, there will be liars and deceivers who will bring to you new sayings, which neither you nor your forefathers have heard. Beware of them, for they will lead you astray and cause you great trial." [Narrated by Muslim.
From Abu Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: The People of the Book used to read the Torah in Hebrew and explain it in Arabic to the Muslims. The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "Do not believe the People of the Book, nor disbelieve them. Say: 'We believe in Allah and in what has been revealed to us.'" (Al-Baqarah 2:136). [Narrated by Bukhari.
From Abu Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "It is sufficient for a person to be considered a liar if he narrates everything he hears." [Narrated by Muslim.
From Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "There was no prophet sent by Allah to any nation before me, except that he had companions and disciples who followed his way and acted according to his commands. Then after them came a group who spoke without acting, and acted without being commanded. Whoever struggles against them with his hand is a believer, and whoever struggles with his tongue is a believer, and whoever struggles with his heart is a believer. There is no faith beyond that, not even the weight of a mustard seed." [Narrated by Muslim.
From Abu Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "Whoever calls to guidance will have the same reward as those who follow him, without diminishing their rewards in any way. And whoever calls to misguidance will have the same burden of sin as those who follow him, without diminishing their sins in any way." [Narrated by Muslim.
From Abu Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "Islam began as something strange and it will return to being strange, so blessed are the strangers." [Narrated by Muslim.
From Abu Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "Indeed, faith returns to Madinah just as a snake returns to its hole." This is agreed upon
From Rabi'a al-Jurashi (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: The Prophet (peace be upon him) was approached, and it was said to him: "Let your eyes sleep, let your ears hear, and let your heart understand." He said: "My eyes slept, my ears heard, and my heart understood." Then it was said to me: "A master built a house and set up a banquet within it. He sent an invitation, and whoever responded to the invitation entered the house, ate from the banquet, and was pleased with the master. But whoever did not respond to the invitation did not enter the house, did not eat from the banquet, and the master was angry with him." I said: "Allah is the master, Muhammad is the inviter, the house is Islam, and the banquet is Paradise." [Narrated by al-Darimi.
From Abu Rafi' (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "Let none of you find himself reclining on his couch when a matter from my affairs, which I have commanded or prohibited, comes to him, and he says: 'We do not know, whatever we find in the Book of Allah, we follow it.'" [Narrated by Ahmad, Abu Dawood, Tirmidhi, Ibn Majah, and al-Bayhaqi in Dalail al-Nubuwwah.
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Commentary and footnotes (1)
Note 1
ف: اس حدیث میں حضرت رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے منکرین حدیث کے متعلق واضح
اشارہ فرمایا ہے کہ وہ از راہ جہالت یہ کہا کریں گے کہ کتاب اللہ کے سوا ہم کچھ نہیں جانتے اور اس کے
سوا ہم کسی کی پیروی نہیں کرتے حالانکہ حضور اکرم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کو جس طرح قرآن عطا ہوا ہے اسی
طرح حدیث بھی عطا ہوئی ہے اور شریعت کے احکام جس طرح قرآن سے ثابت ہوتے ہیں، اسی طرح
احادیث نبوی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم سے ثابت ہوئے ہیں اس کے بعد جو حدیثیں آ رہی ہیں وہ بھی اس کی
تائید کرتی ہیں۔
From Al-Miqdam bin Ma'di Karib (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "Indeed, I have been given the Qur'an, and something like it along with it. A man who is reclining on his couch will soon say: 'You should follow only this Qur'an. Whatever you find in it that is lawful, make it lawful, and whatever you find in it that is forbidden, make it forbidden. Indeed, what the Messenger of Allah has forbidden is like what Allah has forbidden.' Know that the flesh of the domesticated donkey is not lawful for you, nor is the flesh of any carnivorous animal with fangs, nor the property of a treaty-bound person, unless the owner becomes free from it. Whoever stays with a people, it is their duty to honor him, and if they do not honor him, he is allowed to retaliate by doing the same." [Narrated by Abu Dawood, and al-Darimi narrated something similar, and Ibn Majah up to the statement: "As Allah has forbidden."
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Commentary and footnotes (4)
Unnumbered commentary
ألا لا يحل لكم لحم الحمار الأهلي
The statement "ألا لا يحل لكم لحم الحمار الأهلي" (Know that the flesh of the domesticated donkey is not lawful for you) marks the beginning of a clarification based on the Sunnah, which does not have a direct mention in the Qur'an. This is not a specification but an example, as noted by al-Tibi.
As for the phrase "ولا لقطة معاهد" (nor the property of a treaty-bound person), the reason for specifying the property of a treaty-bound person is due to the special consideration for the covenant (عهد) that such individuals have. The reasoning behind this is that there might be a tendency for one to unjustly take possession of the property of a non-Muslim, who is a disbeliever, due to an assumption of their lack of rights. This interpretation is also found in the Mirqaat.
Ali al-Qari, may Allah have mercy on him, said: "His saying: 'They must honor him (i.e., provide hospitality) and if they do not, he may retaliate by giving them the same amount of hospitality' was in the early days of Islam. The command to take an equivalent amount of hospitality from the wealth of the host was one of the penalties that was abrogated with the obligation of Zakat."
Note 2
They must honor him…
(2) His saying: “They must honor him…” This was in the early days of Islam when the Prophet ﷺ would send military expeditions for Jihad. They would pass through the Arab tribes’ settlements without any markets to buy food from and without provisions. Therefore, hospitality was made obligatory to ensure that they did not interrupt their journey for Jihad. However, as Islam became stronger and compassion and mercy grew among the people, the obligation was abrogated, and it remained as permissible and recommended. This was stated in “al-Mirqat.”
Note 1
قوله
(1) قوله : ألا لا يحل لكم الحمار الأهلي: شروع في بيان ما ثبت بالسنة، وليس له أثر في الكتاب على سبيل التمثيل لا التحديد، كذا قاله الطيبي. وقوله: ولا لقطة معاهد وجه التخصيص الاهتمام بشأن المعاهد لعهده؛ لأن النفس ربما تستأهل في لقطته؛ لكونه كافرا. كذا في «المرقاة».
وَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ الْقَارِي رَحِمَهُ اللهُ الْبَارِي: قَوْلُهُ: «فَعَلَيْهِمْ أَنْ يَقْرُوهُ(۲) فَإِنْ لَمْ يَقْرُوْهُ فَلَهُ أَنْ يُعْقِبَهُمْ بِمِثْلِ قِرَاهُ كَانَ فِي بَدْءِ الْإِسْلَامِ، وَالْأَمْرُ بِأَخْذِ مِقْدَارِ الْقِرَى مِنْ مَالِ الْمَنْزُوْلِ بِهِ كَرْهًا كَانَ مِنْ جُمْلَةِ الْعُقُوْبَاتِ الَّتِي نُسِخَتْ بِوُجُوبِ الزَّكَاةِ.
Note 1
ف(1): ملا علی قاری رحمہ اللہ علیہ نے فرمایا کہ آنحضرت صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کا ارشاد ”فَعَلَيْهِمْ أَنْ
يَقْرُوهُ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَقْرُوهُ فَلَهُ أَنْ يُعْقِبَهُمْ بِمِثْلِ قِرَاهُ۔“ (قوم کے مہمان کی ضیافت قوم پر ضروری ہے
اگر وہ اس کی مہمانی نہ کریں تو وہ ان سے بقدر مہمانی جبراً حاصل کر سکتا ہے) یہ حکم ابتداء اسلام میں
ضروری تھا اور میزبان سے بقدر میزبانی حاصل کر لینا منجملہ ان واجبات کے ہے جو وجوب زکوٰۃ سے
منسوخ ہو چکے ہیں۔
ف(2): اس حدیث میں گھریلو گدھے کی حرمت کا ذکر ہے جو صرف سنت یعنی حدیث سے
ثابت ہے، کتاب اللہ میں اس کا ذکر نہیں ہے اور یہ حکم بطور مثال بیان کیا گیا ہے، اسی پر انحصار مقصود
نہیں، اس کا ذکر طیبی نے کیا ہے اور اسی طرح بہت سی چیزیں حدیث سے حرام کر دی گئی ہیں اور حدیث
میں ذمی کی گری ہوئی چیز کا بطور خاص اس لئے ذکر فرمایا گیا ہے کہ اس سے معاہدہ کے اہتمام کا اظہار
مقصود ہے کیوں کہ کافر کی ملک ہونے کی وجہ سے اس کو اٹھا لینے اور اس کو لے لینے کا خیال پیدا ہوتا ہے
حالانکہ کافر سے معاہدہ ہونے کے بعد معاہدہ کا لحاظ شریعت میں نہایت ضروری ہے۔ (از مرقات)۔
ف(3): ”فَعَلَيْهِمْ أَنْ يَقْرُوهُ“ راہ خدا کے مجاہد کی مہمانی کے لزوم کا حکم ابتداء اسلام میں تھا
کیوں کہ نبی کریم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم جہاد کے لئے فوج کے جتھے روانہ فرماتے تھے جن کا گذر عرب کے
قبیلوں پر ہوتا تھا، مہمان کے لئے نہ تو کوئی بازار ہوتا کہ کھانا خرید لیں اور نہ فوجیوں کے ساتھ توشہ ہوتا،
اس لئے قبیلوں پر ان فوجیوں کی مہمانی لازمی قرار دی گئی تا کہ ان کا سفر منقطع نہ ہو جائے مگر جب اسلام
قوی ہو گیا تو عام طور سے رحم و کرم کا سلوک بھی عام کر دیا گیا اور میزبانی کا لزوم منسوخ کر دیا گیا البتہ
صرف جواز اور استحباب باقی رہ گیا۔ (از مرقات)۔
Narrated Al-Irbad ibn Sariyah (may Allah be pleased with him): The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) stood up and said: "Does any one of you think, reclining on his couch, that Allah has not prohibited anything except what is in this Qur'an? Verily, by Allah, I have commanded, admonished, and prohibited things. They are like the Qur'an or even more. And indeed, Allah has not permitted you to enter the houses of the People of the Book except with permission, nor to strike their women, nor to eat their fruits unless they give you what is owed to them."
And from him (may Allah be pleased with him) who said: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) led us in prayer one day, then he turned to us with his face and gave us an eloquent admonition, from which tears flowed and hearts trembled. A man said: "O Messenger of Allah, it seems as if this is a farewell advice. So advise us." He (ﷺ) said: "I advise you to fear Allah, listen, and obey, even if a black Abyssinian slave becomes your leader. Indeed, whoever lives after me will see many differences. So, you must follow my Sunnah and the Sunnah of the rightly guided Caliphs. Hold fast to it and bite onto it with your molars. And beware of newly introduced matters, for every innovation is a misguidance, and every misguidance is a deviation."
Narrated Abdullah ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him): The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) drew a line for us, then said: "This is the path of Allah." Then he drew several lines to the right and left of it and said: "These are the paths, and on each of them there is a devil calling to it." Then he recited the verse: {And indeed, this is my straight path, so follow it} (Al-An'am: 153).
Narrated Abdullah ibn Amr (may Allah be pleased with him): The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "None of you truly believes until his desires are in accordance with what I have brought."
Narrated Bilal ibn Harith al-Muzani (may Allah be pleased with him): The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Whoever revives a Sunnah of mine that has been neglected after me, will have the reward of those who act upon it, without diminishing their rewards in any way. And whoever innovates a misguided innovation, which neither Allah nor His Messenger are pleased with, will have the burden of the sins of those who act upon it, without diminishing the sins of the people in any way."
Narrated Amr ibn Awf (may Allah be pleased with him): The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Indeed, religion will return to the Hijaz, just as the snake returns to its hole. And religion will be preserved in the Hijaz, just as the 'Urwah (a type of wild goat) is preserved on the top of the mountain. Religion began as something strange, and it will return to being strange. So, blessed are the strangers, those who will reform what the people corrupted of my Sunnah after me."
Commentary and footnotes (1)
Note 1
ف: حضور محمد صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم فرق کرنے والے ہیں کہ فرق کردیا کافر اور مومن میں، حق اور باطل میں، صالح اور ⟦?⟧ میں، کھانے سے مراد بہشت کی نعمتیں ہیں اور شخص سے مراد اللہ تعالیٰ ہیں، یہ دونوں باتیں بالکل ظاہر تھیں اس لئے فرشتوں نے ان کی وضاحت نہیں کی۔12