Hadith 4173

(3) The statement: "Some people from my nation will drink wine, calling it by another name": Know that all drinks are derived from four sources: grapes, dates, raisins, and grains (wheat, barley, corn). The liquid extracted from them has two states: raw or cooked. The cooked may be boiled until one-third remains, two-thirds remain, or half remains. There are four forbidden drinks and four permissible ones, as stated in Ad-Durr. The ruling on the four permissible drinks, when they ferment and become strong, is that a small amount, meaning a non-intoxicating quantity, is permissible if intended to strengthen for worship, but forbidden if intended for amusement. A large amount, meaning an intoxicating quantity, is forbidden. This is the view of Abu Hanifa and Abu Yusuf. As for Shafi‘i, Ahmad, Malik, and Muhammad ibn Hasan, they hold that any intoxicating liquid, whether from any source, is forbidden in both small and large quantities, whether it intoxicates or not. The jurists among us have issued fatwas according to Muhammad ibn Hasan’s view. The four permissible drinks, according to the two Sheikhs (Abu Hanifa and Abu Yusuf), are forbidden if they ferment and become strong; otherwise, they are not forbidden by consensus. I say: This Hadith does not provide evidence against Abu Hanifa, as he did not call wine by another name. He agrees with what Ibn Mas‘ud, Waki‘, Sufyan ath-Thawri, al-Awza‘i, and others said. The details and evidence were previously discussed in the chapter on the explanation of wine and the warning against its drinker, so refer to it if you wish. The intent of this Hadith is what people call wine by another name, such as "the joyful drink," "the invigorating sweat," or "the drink of the righteous," claiming it is not forbidden, but they are lying in this, because every intoxicant is forbidden. The criterion is the prohibition of intoxicants, so calling it by another name does not avail.