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Marriage

Hadith 3262a

Chapter on Prohibited Women

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Marriage

Chapter on Prohibited Women

Zujajat al-Masabih 3262aVolume 2

English

Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said, “Breastfeeding establishes prohibition only when it nourishes the intestines 1 during infancy and occurs before weaning”. Tirmidhi said that most scholars among the Companions of the Prophet (peace be upon him) and others acted according to this principle: breastfeeding establishes prohibition only when it occurs before the completion of two years. Breastfeeding after two full years does not establish any prohibition.

العربية

Typed, pending editorial approval
٣٢٦٢ - وَعَنْ أُمَّ سَلَمَةَ (رضي الله عنها)قَالَتْ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ : «لَا يُحَرِّمُ1 مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ إِلَّا مَا فَتَقَ الْأَمْعَاءَ فِي القَدْيِ وَكَانَ قَبْلَ الْفِطَامِ». رَوَاهُ التَّرْمِذِيُّ. وَقَالَ: وَالْعَمَلُ عَلَى هَذَا عِنْدَ أَكْثَرِ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَغَيْرِهِمْ، أَنَّ الرَّضَاعَةَ لَا تُحَرِّمُ إِلَّا مَا كَانَ دُوْنَ الْحَوْلَيْنِ، وَمَا كَانَ بَعْدَ الْحَوْلَيْنِ الْكَامِلَيْنِ فَإِنَّهُ لَا يُحَرِّمُ شَيْئًا.

Second printed occurrence of 3262 in volume 2; English supplied by Zujajah remaining Ahadith.docx. The typed Arabic prints this block separately.

Commentary and footnotes (2)

Note 1

Breastfeeding establishes prohibition only when it nourishes the intestines

Regarding the statement, “Breastfeeding establishes prohibition only when it nourishes the intestines”, al-Hidayah states that weaning before the prescribed period is not taken into consideration. Thus, if a child is weaned before that period and is then breastfed again within it, the prohibition is established according to the apparent position of the narrations. The wording “at the breast” refers to drinking milk directly from it. On this interpretation, the phrase “before weaning” serves as emphasis. However, according to one narration from Abu Hanifah, if a child is weaned before the prescribed period and becomes able to manage without milk, the prohibition is not established even if he is breastfed again within that period. In this interpretation, the phrase “before weaning” serves to exclude such a case. For example, if weaning takes place after one year and the child becomes accustomed to other food, drinking a woman's milk thereafter does not establish the prohibition of breastfeeding. Accordingly, the Hadith means that breastfeeding establishes prohibition when the milk nourishes the intestines, that is, when it serves as nourishment, and when it occurs during the period of nursing. It is also said that this means before weaning. If the milk is consumed outside the nursing period, such as after the completion of two years, the prohibition is not established. Likewise, if a child drinks directly from the breast during the first two years but has already been weaned, the prohibition is not established. The conclusion is that the determining factor is nourishment through breastfeeding before weaning, whether weaning occurs within the first two years or afterwards. This is the narration of Hasan from the Imam. Ibn al-Humam stated in Waqiat al-Natifi that the fatwa follows the apparent position of the narrations. This means that the preferred and more authoritative ruling is that breastfeeding establishes prohibition even after weaning, provided that it occurs within the prescribed breastfeeding period. This account is excerpted from Mirqah and al-Kawkab al-Durri.

Note 1

قوله

(۱)قوله : لا يحرم من الرضاع إلخ في الهداية»: ولا يعتبر الفطام قبل المدة حتى لو فطم قبل المدة، ثم أرضع فيها ثبت التحريم في ظاهر الرواية. وقوله: «في الثدي الشرب منها وعلى هذا فقوله: قبل الفطام تأكيد، إلا في رواية عن أبي حنيفة أنه إذا فطم قبل المدة وصار بحيث يكتفي بغير اللبن: لا تثبت الحرمة إذا رضع فيها، فيكون قبل الفطام احترازا؛ فإن الفطام إذا تحقق بعد حول مثلا، واعتاد الصبي التغذي بغذاء آخر فحينئذ لو شرب لبن امرأة لا يثبت الرضاع. فالحاصل على هذا من ألفاظ الحديث: أن الرضاع ما فتق الأمعاء أي صار غذاء، وكان أيام الثدي، وقيل: لفطام، فلو كان الشرب في غير أيام الثدي، كما إذا شرب بعد الحوليين لا يثبت حرمة الرضاع، وكذلك إذا شرب في أيام الشرب من الثدي، أي في الحولين إلا أنه فطم قبل ذلك لا يثبت حرمة الرضاع. والحاصل: إن العبرة للتغذي قبل الفطام، سواء كان الفطام في الحولين قبل تقضيهما أو بعدهما، وهذه رواية الحسن عن الإمام. قال ابن الهمام: وفي واقعات الناطفي»: الفتوى على ظاهر الرواية، يعني الأصح المختار الفتوى تعلّق التحريم بالرضاع، ولو بعد الفطام إذا لم يكن بعد مدة الرضاع. ملتقط من المرقاة» و«الكوكب الدري».