العربية
Qur’an-related source paragraphs
Allah, the Exalted and Glorious, says: So kill the polytheists wherever you find them [At-Tawba: 5]. And He says: And fight them until there is no fitnah and [until] the religion is for Allah [Al-Baqarah: 193]. And He says: Fighting has been prescribed for you, though it is displeasing to you [Al-Baqarah: 216]. And He says: And fight the polytheists collectively as they fight you collectively [At-Tawba: 36]. And He says: Not equal are those believers who sit [at home], except those who are disabled, and those who strive in the way of Allah with their wealth and their lives. Allah has preferred those who strive with their wealth and lives over those who sit by a degree, and to each Allah has promised good. And Allah has preferred those who strive over those who sit with a great reward, degrees from Him, forgiveness, and mercy. And Allah is Forgiving, Merciful [An-Nisa: 95-96]. And He says: Go forth, light or heavy [At-Tawba: 41]. And He says: Indeed, Allah has purchased from the believers their lives and their wealth for that they will have Paradise [At-Tawba: 111]. And He says: And be patient and maintain your posts [Aal-E-Imran: 200].
Commentary and footnotes (4)
Chapter-heading commentary
(1) Regarding the saying: So kill the polytheists, etc.: Know that jihad is a collective obligation (fard kifaya). Its obligation is based on these verses, and its collective nature is due to Allah’s saying: Not equal are those who sit [An-Nisa: 95] to accursed [An-Nisa: 96]. This applies when the call to arms is not general. If it is general, such as an enemy attacking a Muslim town, it becomes an individual obligation (fard ayn), whether the caller is just or unjust. All inhabitants of that town must go forth, and those nearby if the inhabitants are insufficient or neglectful, and so on until it becomes obligatory on all Muslims, east and west. This is supported by Allah’s saying: Go forth, light or heavy [At-Tawba: 41]. [Gathered from al-Marqah]
Note 1
(1) Regarding the saying: Strives in Allah’s way or remains in the land where he was born: This means even if he does not strive, it does not negate the obligation of hijra. The equality indicates that jihad is a collective obligation. [Taken from al-Lam‘at and al-Marqah] Rahmat al-Umma states: The Imams agree that jihad is a collective obligation; if some Muslims undertake it sufficiently, the burden is lifted from the rest.
Chapter-heading commentary
(١) قوله: فاقتلوا المشركين إلخ: اعلم أن الجهاد فرض على الكفاية، أما الفرضية فلهذه الآيات، وأما كونه على الكفايةفلقوله تعالى: ﴿لَّا يَسْتَوِى اُلْقَّعِدُونَ﴾ (النساء: ٩٥) إلى قوله: ﴿رَجِيمًا ﴾، ثم هذا إذا لم يكن النفير عاما، فإنكان كأن هجموا على بلدة من بلاد المسلمين، فيصير من فروض الأعيان، سواء كان المستنفر عدلا أو فاسقا، فيجبعلى جميع أهل تلك البلدة النفر، وكذا من يقرب منهم إن لم يكن بأهلها كفاية أو تكاسلوا وعصوا، وهكذا إلى أنيجب على جميع أهل الإسلام شرقا وغربا. واستدل على ذلك بقوله تعالى: ﴿أَنفِرُواْ خِفَافًا وَثِقَالًا﴾ (التوبة: ٤١).التقطته من (المرقاة).
Note 1
(١)قوله: جاهد في سبيل الله أو جلس في أرضه التي ولد فيها: أي ولم يجاهد، فلا ينافي وجوب الهجرة، والتسوية تدلعلى أن الجهاد فرض كفاية. أخذته من (اللمعات) و(المرقاة). وقال في (رحمة الأمة): اتفق الأئمة على أن الجهادفرض كفاية إذا قام به من المسلمين مَن فيه كفاية، سقط الحرج عن الباقين.